What are the Global changes induced by anthropogenic activities and their effect in Subsurface (3-5m below the surface) Biosphere?

It is a well known fact that there are three components viz. Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere. At the intersection of these three the fourth one i.e. Biosphere is evolved. The new perspective of Earth System Science recognises that they all are inter-related to each other. Any global change in any one of the component will leave a clear imprint on the other. We humans are part of Biosphere as most intelligent species on earth should take responsibility for the changes by anthropogenic activities. It is most important Question to know the effects of anthropogenic changes.

The very thin layer of earth i.e.3-5m below the surface is very important layer as it supports the life in our Earth in one or another way. Any type of changes due to anthropogenic activities should be taken into consideration. It is well known fact that now human beings have evolved as a new geological agent to modify all the four spheres of earth system as the accessibility of human has increased due to development of technology.

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