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	<title>Earth System Visioning &#187; Social-Ecological Systems</title>
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		<title>How does mankind, responsible for climatic and other anthropogenic changes including geo-political and cultural processes, interact with biodiversity, ecosystems and the services they provide?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-does-mankind-interact-with-biodiversity-ecosystems/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-does-mankind-interact-with-biodiversity-ecosystems/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 12 Aug 2009 23:35:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jiskavandijk</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[conservation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ecosystems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sustainability]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1726</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The widespread recognition of the considerable value of biodiversity and ecosystems for man kind has led to an increasing need to understand and assess the role of biodiversity and ecosystem services and to assess the changing state of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and public attitudes towards them. Understanding the changing state there is a need [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-does-mankind-interact-with-biodiversity-ecosystems/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>8</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How will the global water cycle evolve in response to global warming?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/global-water-cycle/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/global-water-cycle/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2009 22:34:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ray</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global water cycle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ocean circulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[precipitation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=756</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[No element of the climate system has as much impact on society as the water cycle, yet we remain ignorant of the largest part of the water cycle, that over the oceans.  The oceans are the main reservoir of free water on the planet, the source of nearly 90% of global evaporation and the [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/global-water-cycle/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>9</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What factors determine the resilience of the full set of interacting ecosystem services that support human well-being and allow for adaptation to a changing environment?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/resilience-ecosystem-services/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/resilience-ecosystem-services/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2009 13:37:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>SCarpenter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[adaptation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ecosystems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sustainability]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=812</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This question requires interdisciplinary research among physical, biological and social sciences. It raises significant conceptual or theoretical issues, as well as significant needs for empirical research at global and regional scales. The question quickly gives rise to a host of important more specialized questions. Answers to this family of questions are relevant for applied questions [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/resilience-ecosystem-services/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What are the global impacts (socio, economic, others) of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/what-are-the-global-impacts-socio-economic-others-of-biodiversity-loss-and-ecosystem-degradation/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/what-are-the-global-impacts-socio-economic-others-of-biodiversity-loss-and-ecosystem-degradation/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Jul 2009 19:30:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>PG</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ecosystems]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=795</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The reason why the “Vision” must address this question is that biodiversity loss impacts local communities, environmentally, culturally, socially, and economically. However, unless we have a global perspective of the level of the threat (ex. IPCC and climate change), we will be hard pushed to reach the tipping point of public concern to come up [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/what-are-the-global-impacts-socio-economic-others-of-biodiversity-loss-and-ecosystem-degradation/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How can the human population explosion be curbed?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-can-the-human-population-explosion-be-curbed/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-can-the-human-population-explosion-be-curbed/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2009 10:05:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>hddt</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[population]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=868</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Obviously this is an extremely sensitive and political issue but the facts are simple &#8211; there are too many people in the world for the finite number of resources it holds.  This issue must be raised fearlessly if the world is to survive as we know it.  More people will only impact the [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-can-the-human-population-explosion-be-curbed/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>13</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How and why did genuine global changes happen? What were their local and global consequences on the physical environment, the ecosystems and the societies? What thresholds are involved?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-why-genuine-global-change-consequence/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-why-genuine-global-change-consequence/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2009 23:24:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>paillard</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ecosystems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[threshold]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=928</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Without paleoclimatic information, we would not know that atmospheric CO2 can vary naturally by up to 100 ppm on glacial-interglacial times, that abrupt climatic changes did occur on annual or decadal scales, that ice sheets may disrupt very rapidly, and basically that climate can change at all. These testimonies of how our Earth system is [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-why-genuine-global-change-consequence/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What are the regional vulnerabilities in the availability of fresh water to support human needs and sustain freshwater biodiversity, and how can these vulnerabilities be mitigated?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/regional-vulnerability-fresh-water-availability-mitigation/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/regional-vulnerability-fresh-water-availability-mitigation/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Aug 2009 14:25:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Davi Dudgeon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[adaptation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ecosystems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mitigation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[water]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1121</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Fresh water is multi-user resource subject to multiple threats including over-exploitation and contamination such that both quantity and quality of water is absolutely limiting for humans in many parts of the globe.  Freshwater ecosystems support around 10% of global biodiversity (in less than 1% of the Earth’s surface area), and provide valuable ecosystem services [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/regional-vulnerability-fresh-water-availability-mitigation/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How can research help address the vicious circle of environmental change, resource scarcity, poverty, and poor health?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/research-environment-poverty-cycle/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/research-environment-poverty-cycle/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2009 08:22:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Human Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=715</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Brundtland Report (WCED 1987, 27) stated “[m]any parts of the world are caught in a vicious downward spiral: poor people are forced to overuse environmental resources to survive from day to day, and their impoverishment of their environment further impoverishes them, making their survival ever more uncertain and difficult.”  This statement and other [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/research-environment-poverty-cycle/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How can we boost agricultural output and improve rural livelihoods in the developing world (especially sub-Saharan Africa) without attendant land/forest degradation and resultant biodiversity loss?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/boost-agriculture-without-degradation-biodiversity-loss/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/boost-agriculture-without-degradation-biodiversity-loss/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 14:09:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bfisher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[degradation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[desertification]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ecosystems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[food]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rain]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=880</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sub-Saharan Africa is the poorest region of the world and experiencing high rates of land degradation, desertification, forest degradation and loss.  The ecology-welfare link in this part of the world is very strong and most people live outside formal institutions and markets.  Declining crop yields have meant agricultural expansion and in places like [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/boost-agriculture-without-degradation-biodiversity-loss/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Can we quantify uncertainties in complex models of the complete Earth System?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/can-we-quantify-uncertainties-in-complex-models-of-the-complete-earth-system/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/can-we-quantify-uncertainties-in-complex-models-of-the-complete-earth-system/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 09 Aug 2009 17:10:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>cornford</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Other]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[uncertainties]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1565</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The models we are using to base our judgements on are all imperfect. We must acknowledge this and attempt to address quantitatively how these uncertainties affect the judgements we are able to make on the basis of these models. Without uncertainty estimates (error bars if you like) any decision making will be arbitrary. With them [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/can-we-quantify-uncertainties-in-complex-models-of-the-complete-earth-system/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
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