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	<title>Earth System Visioning &#187; climate change</title>
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	<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org</link>
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		<title>What factors determine the resilience of the full set of interacting ecosystem services that support human well-being and allow for adaptation to a changing environment?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/resilience-ecosystem-services/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/resilience-ecosystem-services/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2009 13:37:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>SCarpenter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[adaptation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ecosystems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sustainability]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=812</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This question requires interdisciplinary research among physical, biological and social sciences. It raises significant conceptual or theoretical issues, as well as significant needs for empirical research at global and regional scales. The question quickly gives rise to a host of important more specialized questions. Answers to this family of questions are relevant for applied questions [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/resilience-ecosystem-services/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What is the exact sensitivity of the climate system to changing greenhouse gas, dust and aerosol loading in the atmosphere?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/exact-sensitivity-climate-system-greenhouse-gas-loading/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/exact-sensitivity-climate-system-greenhouse-gas-loading/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 15:01:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>chappellaz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arctic sea ice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate sensitivity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greenhouse gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Greenland ice sheet]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=828</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The IPCC AR4 has shown that, although we understand better and better how the climate system works, there are still considerable uncertainties in evaluating its future evolution. Not only due to uncertainties in human emissions, but also because of flaws in our physical and biogeochemical understanding of the system. The unpredicted recent evolution of Arctic [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/exact-sensitivity-climate-system-greenhouse-gas-loading/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>10</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How and why did genuine global changes happen? What were their local and global consequences on the physical environment, the ecosystems and the societies? What thresholds are involved?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-why-genuine-global-change-consequence/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-why-genuine-global-change-consequence/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2009 23:24:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>paillard</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ecosystems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[threshold]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=928</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Without paleoclimatic information, we would not know that atmospheric CO2 can vary naturally by up to 100 ppm on glacial-interglacial times, that abrupt climatic changes did occur on annual or decadal scales, that ice sheets may disrupt very rapidly, and basically that climate can change at all. These testimonies of how our Earth system is [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-why-genuine-global-change-consequence/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How long can the Earth System sustain the present rate of human-induced global-environmental change?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/earth-system-sustain-environment-change/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/earth-system-sustain-environment-change/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2009 20:50:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Blanchon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ecosystems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[methane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[permafrost]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=833</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Humans are modifying the planet at an alarming rate. Cropland and pasture now cover almost 50% of the entire land surface. This has led to massive habitat destruction, fragmentation and pollution and, together with overhunting, is causing a critical loss in biodiversity. Agricultural pollution is also having a devastating impact on aquatic and marine ecosystems [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/earth-system-sustain-environment-change/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What are the spatial and temporal characteristics of natural climate variability?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/what-are-the-spatial-and-temporal-characteristics-of-natural-climate-variability/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/what-are-the-spatial-and-temporal-characteristics-of-natural-climate-variability/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2009 09:46:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>sjphipps</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[natural variability]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1764</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The climate system exhibits internal variability on a broad range of timescales. However, the observational record is short, and the understanding of climate variability on decadal timescales and longer is therefore limited.
The detection and attribution of anthropogenic climate change requires a complete understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of natural climate variability. Furthermore, without [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/what-are-the-spatial-and-temporal-characteristics-of-natural-climate-variability/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What is the net effect of changing cloudiness on global climate?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/net-effect-changing-cloudiness-on-global-climate/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/net-effect-changing-cloudiness-on-global-climate/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Jul 2009 14:53:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>alestalo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cloud cover]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greenhouse gas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1099</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The net effect of the present cloudiness is to clearly cool the global climate. Will the green house gas induced climate change strengthen or diminish the net effect of clouds on, e.g.  surface temperature?
]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/net-effect-changing-cloudiness-on-global-climate/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What are the feed back mechanisms between biodiversity and climate, how will they change over the next decades and what are the consequences?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/feedback-mechanisms-between-biodiversity-and-cimate/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/feedback-mechanisms-between-biodiversity-and-cimate/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Aug 2009 14:58:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Carlo Heip</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[feedback]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1443</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Climate change and biodiversity change are interacting in feed-back loops that are poorly understood and unquantified and modelled.  This applies to changing land (agriculture, desertification, cities, etc), and oceans (colour and physical stability of the ocean surface, acidification and calcifying organisms etc.) alike.  The changing physico-chemical environment will exert important selective pressures on [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/feedback-mechanisms-between-biodiversity-and-cimate/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>In terms of livelihood risks and planning challenges, is rainfall variability more significant than climate change?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/is-rainfall-variability-more-significant-than-climate-change-to-livelihoods/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/is-rainfall-variability-more-significant-than-climate-change-to-livelihoods/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 08 Aug 2009 11:40:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mutale</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[livelihoods]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[water]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1525</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Rainfall patterns typically vary in a basin. This variability presents major risks to farmers’ livelihoods and challenges to planners to create proper structures for water storage and conveyance. With climate change, the frequency of extreme events is expected to increase and make the impacts of variability more pronounced.  It is therefore important to clarify [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/is-rainfall-variability-more-significant-than-climate-change-to-livelihoods/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How can we get past the debates between natural and anthropogenic causes of global changes, and shift our attention towards reducing and dealing with the impacts of these changes?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-to-minimize-the-natural-vs-athropogenic-controversy-on-global-changeswarming-issues/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-to-minimize-the-natural-vs-athropogenic-controversy-on-global-changeswarming-issues/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Jul 2009 10:21:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>edmarone</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anthropogenic factors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human dimension]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[natural factors]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1031</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[How to minimize the natural vs anthropogenic controversy on global changes/warming issues? It seems that there is no more scientific doubts that climate changes are moving the earth system to a warmer period. It seems that the actual controversy on how much is natural and how much is human related is a worthless discussion in many [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-to-minimize-the-natural-vs-athropogenic-controversy-on-global-changeswarming-issues/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What are the key regional drivers of future climate change?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/key-regional-drivers-of-climate-change/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/key-regional-drivers-of-climate-change/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2009 23:50:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>apitman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Other]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[atmosphere]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[forcing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[land]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[regional impacts]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=920</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Globally, greenhouse gas forcing is the key driver in policy-relevent climate change (ie. over the next 20, 50, 100 years). Regionally -at the scales people live, ecosystems function, water is obtained and crops grown, other forcings can dominate. Land cover change, urbanization, industrial aerosols etc can all have regional fingerprints that while globally small are [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/key-regional-drivers-of-climate-change/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
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