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	<title>Earth System Visioning &#187; CO2</title>
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	<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org</link>
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		<title>How will permafrost affect and be affected by global environmental change?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-will-permafrost-affect-and-be-affected-by-global-environmental-change/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-will-permafrost-affect-and-be-affected-by-global-environmental-change/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2009 08:06:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>hlantuit</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Other]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[alpine environments]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arctic sea ice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greenhouse gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[methane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[permafrost]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=2087</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Permafrost is defined as ground that remains at or below 0°C for at least two consecutive years. Permafrost underlies approximately 25 % of the land area in the northern hemisphere and can be up to 1500 m thick. Under current climate-change scenarios, permafrost degrades from both the top and bottom, increasing the depth of the [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-will-permafrost-affect-and-be-affected-by-global-environmental-change/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What is the role of land-use change for the present, past, and future evolution of the Earth?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/what-is-the-role-of-land-use-change-for-the-present-past-and-future-evolution-of-the-earth/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/what-is-the-role-of-land-use-change-for-the-present-past-and-future-evolution-of-the-earth/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2009 08:19:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nila</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[food]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[land-use]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=710</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The elements for possible consideration in this question have global dimensions.  These elements range from carbon storage, food production, the water cycle, climate (including albedo), human societies, to migration.  Answering this question requires full Earth system models that are not yet up to the task, in part because the processes that connect key [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/what-is-the-role-of-land-use-change-for-the-present-past-and-future-evolution-of-the-earth/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>7</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How and why did genuine global changes happen? What were their local and global consequences on the physical environment, the ecosystems and the societies? What thresholds are involved?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-why-genuine-global-change-consequence/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-why-genuine-global-change-consequence/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2009 23:24:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>paillard</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ecosystems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[threshold]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=928</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Without paleoclimatic information, we would not know that atmospheric CO2 can vary naturally by up to 100 ppm on glacial-interglacial times, that abrupt climatic changes did occur on annual or decadal scales, that ice sheets may disrupt very rapidly, and basically that climate can change at all. These testimonies of how our Earth system is [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-why-genuine-global-change-consequence/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How will the release of Siberian methane affect global warming? Can climate models predict its signature?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/siberian-methane/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/siberian-methane/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2009 22:52:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>anilbharat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global warming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[methane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Siberia]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=769</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Because it&#8217;s a complicated process, and we can&#8217;t predict how much of the released gas may be re-absorbed by plants and the oceans, how quickly it will be released, or whether the sudden increase in methane will trigger an, as yet, un-predicted event. It is estimated that a Siberian thaw could push 500 billion tonnes [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/siberian-methane/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Can marginal seas account for the missing CO2 and is the marginal sea sink affected by human activities on land?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/can-marginal-seas-account-for-the-missing-co2/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/can-marginal-seas-account-for-the-missing-co2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2009 13:22:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>chentungchen</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[carbon sink]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[data]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[marginal seas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nutrients]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1783</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Current estimate of CO2 uptake by the oceans by and large ignored marginal seas and continental shelves. Preliminary investigations indicate that these areas are a larger sink of CO2 than open oceans on the per area basis. If proven, this sink may be as large as 25% of the oceanic sink. Human activities on land [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/can-marginal-seas-account-for-the-missing-co2/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Where is the missing atmospheric carbon dioxide?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/where-is-the-missing-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/where-is-the-missing-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2009 14:53:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>CarbonMaven</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[carbon sink]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mitigation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=931</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[About 25 to 35% of the carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere is missing according to the 2007 IPCC Report.
Understanding the mechanisms that are removing this missing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere will improve predictions of future carbon dioxide levels, estimates of future global warming, and be useful for evaluation atmospheric carbon dioxide mitigation strategies.
The [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/where-is-the-missing-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How can we undo the fossil fuel CO2? (A longer version: what are the most promising and sustainable strategies in carbon management and sequestration?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-can-we-undo-the-fossil-fuel-co2/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-can-we-undo-the-fossil-fuel-co2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Aug 2009 15:35:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ningzeng</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fossil fuel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sequestration]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1198</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Given the slowness of transition towards a low-carbon economy, we are bound for a high CO2 world. It is most likely that we will have to sequester CO2 and manage the carbon pools on land and in the ocean to keep the atmospheric CO2 below a dangerous level. The unintended consequences of our &#8216;geophysical experiment&#8217; [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-can-we-undo-the-fossil-fuel-co2/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How much does loss of organic matter in soil (due to land degradation) contribute to national CO2 emissions; how much fixation will result from intensification of agriculture and conservation?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/loss-organic-matter-in-soil-land-degradation/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/loss-organic-matter-in-soil-land-degradation/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Aug 2009 12:10:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Frits Penning de Vries</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[agriculture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[land-use]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1372</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Land degradation is a widespread phenomenon in which large quantities of C are involved. Its contribution to national C-balances has not been quantified.
Explicit knowledge of this aspect of land degradation may stimulate government interest in the value of land, which is often one of the main assets of poor farmers.
]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/loss-organic-matter-in-soil-land-degradation/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How can the earth&#8217;s vegetation and biota be used to help offset already high atmospheric CO2 levels in order to minimize or mitigate the effects of climate change on the biosphere?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/vegetation-biota-used-to-offset-co2-level/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/vegetation-biota-used-to-offset-co2-level/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Aug 2009 15:25:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rapplega</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[carbon sink]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vegetation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1486</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Because Earth&#8217;s climate is already changing, and regardless of how policy changes human inputs of CO2, we are going to lose biodiversity if we do not start to understand how we can used biodiversity to mitigate high atmospheric CO2. We already have examples of the use of forests and tree planting to bank carbon. However, [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/vegetation-biota-used-to-offset-co2-level/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How to curb carbon emission and related gases released from the industries and vehicles all over the world in next decade?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-to-curb-carbon-emissions/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-to-curb-carbon-emissions/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 08 Aug 2009 12:16:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>dr.sanjay puranik</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global warming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[industry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[transportation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1519</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Emission of carbon related gases is most responsible for global warming and green house effect. Factories, industrial zones and vehicles emit enormous amount of carbon compounds. Due to rapid deforestation such huge amount of carbon remains in the atmosphere instead of being used by the trees for the process of photosynthesis. Global warming is a [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-to-curb-carbon-emissions/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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