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	<title>Earth System Visioning &#187; greenhouse gas</title>
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	<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org</link>
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		<title>How will permafrost affect and be affected by global environmental change?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-will-permafrost-affect-and-be-affected-by-global-environmental-change/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-will-permafrost-affect-and-be-affected-by-global-environmental-change/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2009 08:06:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>hlantuit</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Other]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[alpine environments]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arctic sea ice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greenhouse gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[methane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[permafrost]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=2087</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Permafrost is defined as ground that remains at or below 0°C for at least two consecutive years. Permafrost underlies approximately 25 % of the land area in the northern hemisphere and can be up to 1500 m thick. Under current climate-change scenarios, permafrost degrades from both the top and bottom, increasing the depth of the [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What is the exact sensitivity of the climate system to changing greenhouse gas, dust and aerosol loading in the atmosphere?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/exact-sensitivity-climate-system-greenhouse-gas-loading/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/exact-sensitivity-climate-system-greenhouse-gas-loading/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 15:01:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>chappellaz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arctic sea ice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate sensitivity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greenhouse gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Greenland ice sheet]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=828</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The IPCC AR4 has shown that, although we understand better and better how the climate system works, there are still considerable uncertainties in evaluating its future evolution. Not only due to uncertainties in human emissions, but also because of flaws in our physical and biogeochemical understanding of the system. The unpredicted recent evolution of Arctic [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/exact-sensitivity-climate-system-greenhouse-gas-loading/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>10</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What is the potential level of positive feedback that may come with the release of methane in the permafrost regions and continental shelves?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/positive-feedback-methane-from-permafrost-continentalshelves/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/positive-feedback-methane-from-permafrost-continentalshelves/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2009 23:44:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rgatess</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[feedback]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greenhouse gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[methane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[permafrost]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=938</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Given the potency of methane as a greenhouse gas, and also given the tremendous amount of methane stored both in the permafrost regions as well as the continental shelves, critical research needs to be done as to the level of positive feedback that may occur as some of this methane being released.
Massive releases of methane [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/positive-feedback-methane-from-permafrost-continentalshelves/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What is the net effect of changing cloudiness on global climate?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/net-effect-changing-cloudiness-on-global-climate/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/net-effect-changing-cloudiness-on-global-climate/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Jul 2009 14:53:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>alestalo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cloud cover]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greenhouse gas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1099</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The net effect of the present cloudiness is to clearly cool the global climate. Will the green house gas induced climate change strengthen or diminish the net effect of clouds on, e.g.  surface temperature?
]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/net-effect-changing-cloudiness-on-global-climate/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How much and how quickly will methane be released from the polar regions?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-much-how-quickly-will-methane-be-released-from-the-polar-regions/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-much-how-quickly-will-methane-be-released-from-the-polar-regions/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Aug 2009 07:43:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alan Rodger</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greenhouse gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[methane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[polar regions]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1410</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There is more carbon locked up in methane (permafrost and clathrates) than carbon left on the planet in oil and gas.  Methane is ~25 time more effective as a greenhouse gas so could have a massive impact on climate change.  However we have little/no idea the rate of release of it either from [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-much-how-quickly-will-methane-be-released-from-the-polar-regions/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How is interdecadal-to-centennial natural variability taken into account in the IPCC GCMs projections?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-interdecadal-to-centennial-natural-variability-is-taken-into-account-in-the-ipcc-gcms-projections/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-interdecadal-to-centennial-natural-variability-is-taken-into-account-in-the-ipcc-gcms-projections/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 02 Aug 2009 14:00:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>amonteci</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greenhouse gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[natural variability]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1189</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This low-frequency natural variability might hide or intensify the climate system response to increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In fact, for the next 30 years it seems that interdecadal natural variability would play a major role in the expected changes of rainfall and temperature in many regions, for instance, in South America.
]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-interdecadal-to-centennial-natural-variability-is-taken-into-account-in-the-ipcc-gcms-projections/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How do the dual effects of greenhouse gases on the ocean (warming and acidification) interact with local stressors (overfishing and pollution) to reduce ecosystem services and cause extinctions?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/09/how-do-the-dual-effects-of-greenhouse-gases-on-the-ocean-warming-and-acidification-interact-with-local-stressors-overfishing-and-pollution-to-reduce-ecosystem-services-and-cause-extinctions/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/09/how-do-the-dual-effects-of-greenhouse-gases-on-the-ocean-warming-and-acidification-interact-with-local-stressors-overfishing-and-pollution-to-reduce-ecosystem-services-and-cause-extinctions/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2009 22:13:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>nknowlton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[acidification]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CO2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ecosystem services]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[extinctions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greenhouse gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[local stressors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=2147</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The ocean covers 70% of the planet, yet the dual impacts of greenhouse gases are typically ignored &#8211; e.g. solutions designed to reduce heating without reducing CO2 concentrations ignore the threat posed by acidification.  Moreover, we know little about the synergies between local and global stressors, and how reducing the former might buy us [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/09/how-do-the-dual-effects-of-greenhouse-gases-on-the-ocean-warming-and-acidification-interact-with-local-stressors-overfishing-and-pollution-to-reduce-ecosystem-services-and-cause-extinctions/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How to generate process of photosynthesis with out trees?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-to-generate-process-of-photosynthesis-with-out-trees/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-to-generate-process-of-photosynthesis-with-out-trees/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2009 13:06:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>dr.sanjay puranik</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[deforestation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greenhouse gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[photosynthesis]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1687</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The natural process by which green house gases are removed from the atmosphere is the photosynthesis. But due to rapid deforestation and increasing green house gases (CO2) there could be shortage of oxygen in future. Atmospheric percentage of oxygen is only 21%, still sufficient, due to oxygen cycle. The process of photosynthesis requires CO2, water [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-to-generate-process-of-photosynthesis-with-out-trees/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Climate change is expected to involve increasing climate variability. Can we manage our water resources while floods and droughts increase in frequency and severity without adding more storage space through building dams and other storage facilities?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/can-we-manage-water-resources-while-floods-and-droughts-increase/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/can-we-manage-water-resources-while-floods-and-droughts-increase/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2009 18:28:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bogardi</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Other]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greenhouse gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hydropower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[water storage]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=2186</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Dams, surface, but also underground storage reservoirs are conventional means to reduce the dependability on the natural occurrence and availability of water. While these technical solutions are not without controversy storage facilities equipped with hydropower stations could even account for some GHG reduction. There is a need for an ideology free global assessment and recommendations [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/can-we-manage-water-resources-while-floods-and-droughts-increase/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What happened in the interglacial/glacial transitions during the Pleistocene?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/09/what-happens-at-an-interglacialglacial-transition-during-the-pleistocene/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/09/what-happens-at-an-interglacialglacial-transition-during-the-pleistocene/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:16:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>komosse</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Other]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greenhouse gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[interglacial transition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pleistocene]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1821</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Since we are most likely entering a new ice age pulse soon it is essential to know the climate development of previous interglacials. Has Mankind prevented a new ice age pulse by enhancing the Greenhouse effect?
]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/09/what-happens-at-an-interglacialglacial-transition-during-the-pleistocene/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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