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	<title>Earth System Visioning &#187; oceans</title>
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	<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org</link>
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		<title>How will the global water cycle evolve in response to global warming?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/global-water-cycle/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/global-water-cycle/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2009 22:34:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ray</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global water cycle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ocean circulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[precipitation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=756</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[No element of the climate system has as much impact on society as the water cycle, yet we remain ignorant of the largest part of the water cycle, that over the oceans.  The oceans are the main reservoir of free water on the planet, the source of nearly 90% of global evaporation and the [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/global-water-cycle/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>9</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How long can the Earth System sustain the present rate of human-induced global-environmental change?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/earth-system-sustain-environment-change/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/earth-system-sustain-environment-change/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2009 20:50:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Blanchon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ecosystems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[methane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[permafrost]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=833</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Humans are modifying the planet at an alarming rate. Cropland and pasture now cover almost 50% of the entire land surface. This has led to massive habitat destruction, fragmentation and pollution and, together with overhunting, is causing a critical loss in biodiversity. Agricultural pollution is also having a devastating impact on aquatic and marine ecosystems [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/earth-system-sustain-environment-change/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How sensitive is the oceanic conveyor belt to the influx of glacial melt water and/or decrease of seasonal ice formation in the Arctic Ocean/North Atlantic Ocean?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/ocean-conveyorbelt-sensitivity-to-influx-glacial-meltwater/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/ocean-conveyorbelt-sensitivity-to-influx-glacial-meltwater/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:07:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>stevehmeyer</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ocean conveyor belt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[seasonal ice]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=941</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The impact of all other global warming issues may be minimized if there is a threshold of fresh water influx and/or decrease of seasonal ice formation which may soon be exceeded and thus dramatically slow or reverse the trend of global warming.  
]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/ocean-conveyorbelt-sensitivity-to-influx-glacial-meltwater/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What is the influence of trends in solar output on the atmosphere and oceans?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/the-influence-of-trends-in-solar-output-on-the-atmosphere-and-oceans/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/the-influence-of-trends-in-solar-output-on-the-atmosphere-and-oceans/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2009 14:25:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>HVL</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[atmosphere]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sun]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1195</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Because of the comparatively short period for which we have observations of the variations in the sun&#8217;s energy output, we have no reliable information of its longer-term trends and their probable effect on the earth&#8217;s temperature trends. Yet  studies of indirect observations from Beryllium to numbers of sunspots suggest such and effect, despite present [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/the-influence-of-trends-in-solar-output-on-the-atmosphere-and-oceans/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How to deal with the uncertainties associated with Earth system research, especially policy-relevant areas?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-to-deal-with-uncertainties-associated-with-earth-system-research/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-to-deal-with-uncertainties-associated-with-earth-system-research/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2009 10:19:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>xuefengcui</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social-Ecological Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[atmosphere]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[land]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[uncertainties]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=854</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In addition to climate change uncertainties, we are still lack of knowledge about interactions of land-atmosphere, Atmosphere-sea, aerosol-climate, chemistry-climate, and more importantly human-environment relationships.   
]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/how-to-deal-with-uncertainties-associated-with-earth-system-research/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What are the key regional drivers of future climate change?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/key-regional-drivers-of-climate-change/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/key-regional-drivers-of-climate-change/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2009 23:50:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>apitman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Other]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[atmosphere]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[forcing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[land]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[regional impacts]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=920</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Globally, greenhouse gas forcing is the key driver in policy-relevent climate change (ie. over the next 20, 50, 100 years). Regionally -at the scales people live, ecosystems function, water is obtained and crops grown, other forcings can dominate. Land cover change, urbanization, industrial aerosols etc can all have regional fingerprints that while globally small are [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/key-regional-drivers-of-climate-change/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How will marine communities respond to the interactive effects of ocean temperature change, increasing CO2 levels, decreasing pH, and other human-induced forcing over the next century?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-will-marine-communities-respond-to-ocean-temperature-change-increasing-co2-levels-decreasing-ph-and-other-human-induced-forcing/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-will-marine-communities-respond-to-ocean-temperature-change-increasing-co2-levels-decreasing-ph-and-other-human-induced-forcing/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 12 Aug 2009 23:15:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>dunbar</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[forcing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[marine communities]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1753</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Oceanic autotrophs account for about half of total global primary production. The food webs they support are important for a wide variety of human endeavors involving the sea, ranging from fisheries to coastal protection. Yet little is known about the synergistic effects of ongoing global changes on marine communities. Early evidence suggest that some organisms [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/how-will-marine-communities-respond-to-ocean-temperature-change-increasing-co2-levels-decreasing-ph-and-other-human-induced-forcing/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What are the key processes that control the size and shape of the global ocean overturning circulation, and how will they combine to influence its future evolution?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/key-processes-that-control-the-global-ocean-overturning-circulation/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/key-processes-that-control-the-global-ocean-overturning-circulation/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2009 10:31:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>eshuck</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[meridional overturning circulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ocean conveyor belt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[polar regions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[variability]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=1998</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) of the global ocean has a governing role over the Earth&#8217;s climate, a consequence of the enormous capacity of the ocean to store and redistribute heat, freshwater, carbon dioxide  and other climatically-important tracers.  This results in the MOC being arguably the most prominent feature of the climate system [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/08/key-processes-that-control-the-global-ocean-overturning-circulation/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Issue of resilience of our Oceans vis-a-vis climate and geosphere/biosphere changes, as all sort of pressures (natural and anthropogenic) are affecting today the Oceans Realm? How much resilient our Oceans will be for the next coming decades?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/ocean-resilience/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/ocean-resilience/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2009 09:32:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>diops</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biodiversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[biosphere]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate engineering]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geosphere]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[resilience]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=803</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Important issue as oceans constitute more than 2/3 of our planet.
Do we have good models of prediction to assist decison-makers in their planning of oceans management and governance?
]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/ocean-resilience/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How do different forms of pollution including increased nutrients and changes in the trophic dynamics of marine ecosystems affect the oceans ability to regulate climate?</title>
		<link>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/pollution-effect-oceans-ability-to-regulate-climate/</link>
		<comments>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/pollution-effect-oceans-ability-to-regulate-climate/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2009 09:25:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jsa</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oceans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pollution]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icsu-visioning.org/?p=973</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Oceans are the key driver of climate change globally, yet pollution into marine and coastal waters continues as does over-exploitation &#8211; if we are to address all of these issues in an integrated way, then we need to know how these activities impact on climate change processes now and in the future.
]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.icsu-visioning.org/2009/07/pollution-effect-oceans-ability-to-regulate-climate/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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